영어속독(200단어)--Rangakusha(蘭學者):Udagawa Yoan(宇田川 榕菴)/Ito Keisuke(Keisuke Ito (伊藤 圭介)
Udagawa Yōan (宇田川 榕菴?, March 9, 1798 – June 22, 1846) was a 19th-century Japanese scholar of Western studies, or "Rangaku". In 1840, he published his Introduction to Chemistry (舎密開宗, Seimi Kaisō?), a compilation of scientific books in Dutch, which describes a wide range of scientific knowledge from the West. Most of the Dutch original material appears to be derived from William Henry's 1799 Elements of Experimental Chemistry. In particular, the book contains a very detailed description of the electric battery invented by Volta forty years earlier in 1800. The battery itself was constructed by Udagawa in 1831 and used in experiments, including medical ones, based on a belief that electricity could help cure illnesses.
Udagawa's Science of Chemistry also reports for the first time in details the findings and theories of Lavoisier in Japan. Accordingly, Udagawa made numerous scientific experiments and created new scientific terms, which are still in current use in modern scientific Japanese: e.g., “oxygen” (酸素, sanso?), “hydrogen” (水素, suiso?), “nitrogen” (窒素, chisso?), “carbon” (炭素, tanso?), “platinum” (白金, hakkin?), “oxidation” (酸化, sanka?), “reduction” (還元, kangen?), “saturation” (飽和, hōwa?), “dissolution” (溶解, yōkai?), “analysis” (分析, bunseki?), “element” (元素, genso?), “cell” (細胞, saibō?), and “genus” (属, zoku?).
Keisuke Ito (伊藤 圭介, Itō Keisuke?, February 18, 1803 – January 20, 1901) was a Japanese physician and biologist. He was born in Nagoya. He studied Western science under Philipp Franz von Siebold during the 1820s.
As a doctor, Ito developed a vaccination against smallpox.[1] He also widely studied the Japanese flora and fauna with Philipp Franz von Siebold, the author of Fauna Japonica and Flora Japonica. Rhododendron keiskei has been named after him.[2] He wrote Taisei honzou meiso (Japanese:"泰西本草名疏") published in 1829.
Ito became a professor at the University of Tokyo in 1888.
He died in 1901, and he was ennobled with the title of baron (danshaku).[279 words]
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